Illegal Mining and Insecurity in Nigeria

Illegal mining in Nigeria has become one of the country’s most urgent socio-economic and security challenges. Despite its abundant mineral resources, weak regulatory enforcement, high poverty levels, and poor governance have led to an informal mining economy. This study investigates how illegal mining contributes to insecurity, economic losses, and environmental damage. Using secondary data, reports, and statistical trends, the paper shows that illegal mining is strongly connected to the activities of armed non-state actors, environmental disasters, and revenue losses for the country. Findings indicate annual losses of about ₦41.1 billion and up to US$9 billion resulting from smuggling and unregulated extraction. The paper concludes that a coordinated national response focusing on regulation, community involvement, security coordination, and sustainable development is essential for Nigeria’s long-term stability.